atuВестник Алматинского технологического университетаThe Journal of Almaty Technological University2304-568X2710-0839АО "АТУ"10.48184/2304-568X-2025-4-37-42atu-2841Research ArticleТЕХНОЛОГИЯ ПИЩЕВОЙ И ПЕРЕРАБАТЫВАЮЩЕЙ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТИFOOD AND PROCESSING INDUSTRY TECHNOLOGYПерсонализированная метаболомика и питание, основанное на биомаркерах, у домашних животных: комплексный обзор новейших исследованийPrecision metabolomics and biomarker-driven nutrition in companion animals: a comprehensive review of emerging researchhttps://orcid.org/0009-0008-8206-8143РишавК.RishavK.

Кафедра технологии продуктов животноводства.

Матхура-281001

Kumar Rishav - Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, DUVASU.

Mathura-281001

rishavvet42@gmail.comВетеринарный колледж и факультет животноводства, DUVASUИндияCollege of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, DUVASUIndia20252512202515043742Copyright © Ришав К., 20252025Ришав К.Rishav K.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://atu.ejournal.kz/jour/article/view/2841

Персонализированное питание, ранее ограниченное сферой персонализированного здоровья человека, стремительно развивается как трансформирующая парадигма в науке о домашних животных. Современные достижения в метаболомике, анализе микробиома, интеграции мультиомикс-данных и искусственном интеллекте (ИИ) создали беспрецедентные возможности для разработки рационов, адаптированных к индивидуальному метаболическому профилю животного, а не основанных исключительно на популяционных нормах потребности в питательных веществах. В данном обзоре представлены новейшие (2020–2025 гг.) достижения в области метаболомики домашних животных, включая выявление метаболических биомаркеров крови, мочи, фекалий, слюны, шерсти и кожи; их связь с показателями здоровья; а также их значение для разработки рационов, основанных на биомаркерах, для собак и кошек. Также была рассмотрена интеграция метаболомики с секвенированием микробиома, носимыми биосенсорами, алгоритмами прогнозирования пищевых реакций, машинным обучением для оценки риска заболеваний и новыми коммерческими инструментами персонализированного питания домашних животных. Обзор завершается анализом исследовательских пробелов, нормативных аспектов и будущих направлений, включая метаболомические паспорта, динамическую оптимизацию рационов, прецизионный баланс аминокислот, формулы, модулирующие микробиом, и ИИ-управляемые индивидуализированные системы кормления. Персонализированная метаболомика готова переопределить научный и коммерческий ландшафт питания домашних животных в течение следующего десятилетия.

Precision nutrition, a discipline once limited to human personalized health, has rapidly emerged as a transformative paradigm in companion animal science. Recent advances in metabolomics, microbiome analysis, multi-omics integration, and artificial intelligence (AI) have created unprecedented opportunities to formulate diets tailored to an individual animal’s metabolic profile rather than relying solely on population-level nutrient requirements. This review summarizes the most recent (2020–2025) developments in pet metabolomics, including blood, urine, fecal, salivary, hair, and skin metabolic biomarker discovery; their association with health outcomes; and their relevance in designing biomarker-driven diets for dogs and cats. The integration of metabolomics with microbiome sequencing, wearable biosensors, dietary response prediction algorithms, machine learning-based disease risk scoring, and emerging commercial tools in personalized pet nutrition is also examined. The review concludes with research gaps, regulatory implications, and future directions, including metabolomic passports, dynamic diet optimization, precision amino-acid balancing, microbiome-modulatory formulations, and AI-driven individualized feeding systems. Precision metabolomics is poised to redefine the scientific and commercial landscape of pet nutrition over the next decade.

корма для домашних животныхпитаниемультиомикабиомаркерметаболомикаpet foodnutritionmulti-omicsbiomarkermetabolomicsReferencesXie L, Xiao J, Liu J, et al. Fecal microbiota and metabolomics revealed the effect of long-term consumption of gallic acid on canine lipid metabolism and gut health. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). 2022;106(5):731–743.Xie L, Xiao J, Liu J, et al. Fecal microbiota and metabolomics revealed the effect of long-term consumption of gallic acid on canine lipid metabolism and gut health. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). 2022;106(5):731–743.Banton SJ, Hall JA, Jewell DE, et al. Whole pulse ingredient inclusion in macronutrient-balanced diets increased fecal concentrations of propionic acid in healthy adult large-breed dogs. J Anim Sci. 2023; (in press)Banton SJ, Hall JA, Jewell DE, et al. Whole pulse ingredient inclusion in macronutrient-balanced diets increased fecal concentrations of propionic acid in healthy adult large-breed dogs. J Anim Sci. 2023; (in press)Richards JB, et al. Dietary Features Are Associated with Differences in the Urinary Microbiome in Clinically Healthy Adult Dogs. Animals (Basel). 2023;13(7):286.Richards JB, et al. Dietary Features Are Associated with Differences in the Urinary Microbiome in Clinically Healthy Adult Dogs. Animals (Basel). 2023;13(7):286.Buff P, Kienzle E, Mandigers P, et al. Fecal metabolomic signature of a plant-based (vegan) diet compared to an animal-based diet in healthy adult pet dogs. J Anim Sci. 2024; (advance article).Buff P, Kienzle E, Mandigers P, et al. Fecal metabolomic signature of a plant-based (vegan) diet compared to an animal-based diet in healthy adult pet dogs. J Anim Sci. 2024; (advance article).Pilla R, Suchodolski JS, et al. Longitudinal fecal microbiome and metabolite data demonstrate rapid shifts and subsequent stabilization after an abrupt dietary change in healthy adult dogs. Animal Microbiome. 2022;4:46.Pilla R, Suchodolski JS, et al. Longitudinal fecal microbiome and metabolite data demonstrate rapid shifts and subsequent stabilization after an abrupt dietary change in healthy adult dogs. Animal Microbiome. 2022;4:46.Menard J, Bagheri S, Menon S, et al. Noninvasive sampling of the small intestinal chyme for microbiome, metabolome and antimicrobial resistance genes in dogs, a proof of concept. Animal Microbiome. 2023;5:64.Menard J, Bagheri S, Menon S, et al. Noninvasive sampling of the small intestinal chyme for microbiome, metabolome and antimicrobial resistance genes in dogs, a proof of concept. Animal Microbiome. 2023;5:64.Cohen A, Turjeman S, Levin R, Tal S, Koren O. Comparison of canine colostrum and milk using a multi-omics approach. Animal Microbiome. 2024;6:19.Cohen A, Turjeman S, Levin R, Tal S, Koren O. Comparison of canine colostrum and milk using a multi-omics approach. Animal Microbiome. 2024;6:19.Hall JA, Jackson MI, Vondran JC, Vanchina MA, Jewell DE. Serum Metabolomics of Senior Dogs Fed a Fresh, Human-Grade Food or an Extruded Kibble Diet. Metabolites. 2024;15(10):676.Hall JA, Jackson MI, Vondran JC, Vanchina MA, Jewell DE. Serum Metabolomics of Senior Dogs Fed a Fresh, Human-Grade Food or an Extruded Kibble Diet. Metabolites. 2024;15(10):676.Fritsch KA, Rindt H, Hill R, et al. Combined metagenomic and metabolomic pathway mapping in dogs with chronic diarrhea shows shift from putrefactive to saccharolytic fermentation. BMC Vet Res. 2022;18:245.Fritsch KA, Rindt H, Hill R, et al. Combined metagenomic and metabolomic pathway mapping in dogs with chronic diarrhea shows shift from putrefactive to saccharolytic fermentation. BMC Vet Res. 2022;18:245.Hall JA, Suchodolski JS, et al. Microbiome function underpins the efficacy of a fiber-supplemented dietary intervention in dogs with chronic large bowel diarrhea. Gut Microbes. 2022; (metagenomic + metabolomic data)Hall JA, Suchodolski JS, et al. Microbiome function underpins the efficacy of a fiber-supplemented dietary intervention in dogs with chronic large bowel diarrhea. Gut Microbes. 2022; (metagenomic + metabolomic data)El-Waseif M, et al. Fecal microbiota composition, serum metabolomics, and markers of inflammation in dogs fed a raw meat-based diet compared to those on a kibble diet. Front Vet Sci. 2024;11:1328513.El-Waseif M, et al. Fecal microbiota composition, serum metabolomics, and markers of inflammation in dogs fed a raw meat-based diet compared to those on a kibble diet. Front Vet Sci. 2024;11:1328513.Beg M, Liu X, Yang Y, Wang X, Fadrosh DW, et al. Variations in gut microbiome and metabolites of dogs with acute diarrhea in poodles and Labrador retrievers. Microbiome. 2023;11:210.Beg M, Liu X, Yang Y, Wang X, Fadrosh DW, et al. Variations in gut microbiome and metabolites of dogs with acute diarrhea in poodles and Labrador retrievers. Microbiome. 2023;11:210.Chang Y, Qin J, He X, et al. Insights into the interplay between gut microbiota and lipid metabolism in obesity management of canines and felines. J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2024;15(1):114.Chang Y, Qin J, He X, et al. Insights into the interplay between gut microbiota and lipid metabolism in obesity management of canines and felines. J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2024;15(1):114.Ainslie P, et al. Insights into the interplay between gut microbiota and lipid metabolism in the obesity management of canines and felines. J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2024;15(1):114.Ainslie P, et al. Insights into the interplay between gut microbiota and lipid metabolism in the obesity management of canines and felines. J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2024;15(1):114.Kumar R, Goswami M, Pathak V. Innovations in pet nutrition: investigating diverse formulations and varieties of pet food: mini review. MOJ Food Process Technols. 2024;12(1):86‒89. DOI: 10.15406/mojfpt.2024.12.00302Kumar R, Goswami M, Pathak V. Innovations in pet nutrition: investigating diverse formulations and varieties of pet food: mini review. MOJ Food Process Technols. 2024;12(1):86‒89. DOI: 10.15406/mojfpt.2024.12.00302Kumar R, Goswami M. Harnessing poultry slaughter waste for sustainable pet nutrition: a catalyst for growth in the pet food industry. J Dairy Vet Anim Res. 2024;13(1):31‒33. DOI: 10.15406/jdvar.2024.13.00344Kumar R, Goswami M. Harnessing poultry slaughter waste for sustainable pet nutrition: a catalyst for growth in the pet food industry. J Dairy Vet Anim Res. 2024;13(1):31‒33. DOI: 10.15406/jdvar.2024.13.00344Kumar, R. (2024). Promoting Pet Food Sustainability: Integrating Slaughterhouse By-products and Fibrous Vegetables Waste. Acta Scientific Veterinary Sciences, 6, 07-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31080/ASVS.2024.06.0871Kumar, R. (2024). Promoting Pet Food Sustainability: Integrating Slaughterhouse By-products and Fibrous Vegetables Waste. Acta Scientific Veterinary Sciences, 6, 07-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31080/ASVS.2024.06.0871Kumar, R., & Goswami, M. (2024). Exploring Palatability in Pet Food: Assessment Methods and Influential Factors. International Journal of Livestock Research, 14(4).Kumar, R., & Goswami, M. (2024). Exploring Palatability in Pet Food: Assessment Methods and Influential Factors. International Journal of Livestock Research, 14(4).Kumar, R., & Goswami, M. (2024). Feathered nutrition: unlocking the potential of poultry byproducts for healthier pet foods. Acta Scientific Veterinary Sciences. (ISSN: 2582-3183), 6(4).Kumar, R., & Goswami, M. (2024). Feathered nutrition: unlocking the potential of poultry byproducts for healthier pet foods. Acta Scientific Veterinary Sciences. (ISSN: 2582-3183), 6(4).Kumar, R., & Goswami, M. (2024). Optimizing Pet Food Formulations with Alternative Ingredients and Byproducts. Acta Scientific Veterinary Sciences (ISSN: 2582-3183), 6(4).Kumar, R., & Goswami, M. (2024). Optimizing Pet Food Formulations with Alternative Ingredients and Byproducts. Acta Scientific Veterinary Sciences (ISSN: 2582-3183), 6(4).Kumar, R., & Sharma, A. (2024). A Comprehensive Analysis and Evaluation of Various Porcine Byproducts in Canine Diet Formulation. Asian Journal of Research in Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 7(3), 236-246. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajravs/2024/v7i3308Kumar, R., & Sharma, A. (2024). A Comprehensive Analysis and Evaluation of Various Porcine Byproducts in Canine Diet Formulation. Asian Journal of Research in Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 7(3), 236-246. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajravs/2024/v7i3308Kumar, R., & Sharma, A. (2024). Deciphering new nutritional substrates for precision pet food formulation. International Journal of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry. https://doi.org/10.22271/veterinary,202(4),v9.Kumar, R., & Sharma, A. (2024). Deciphering new nutritional substrates for precision pet food formulation. International Journal of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry. https://doi.org/10.22271/veterinary,202(4),v9.Kumar, R., & Sharma, A. (2024). Prebiotic-driven Gut Microbiota Dynamics: Enhancing Canine Health via Pet Food Formulation. International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management, 15(Jun, 6), 01-15. https://doi.org/10.23910/1.2024.5359Kumar, R., & Sharma, A. (2024). Prebiotic-driven Gut Microbiota Dynamics: Enhancing Canine Health via Pet Food Formulation. International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management, 15(Jun, 6), 01-15. https://doi.org/10.23910/1.2024.5359Kumar, R., & Sharma, A. (2024). Review of Pet Food Packaging in the US Market: Future Direction Towards Innovation and Sustainability. Annual Research & Review in Biology, 39(6), 16-30. https://doi.org/10.9734/arrb/2024/v39i62085Kumar, R., & Sharma, A. (2024). Review of Pet Food Packaging in the US Market: Future Direction Towards Innovation and Sustainability. Annual Research & Review in Biology, 39(6), 16-30. https://doi.org/10.9734/arrb/2024/v39i62085Kumar, R., Goswami, M. and Pathak, V. (2023). Enhancing Microbiota Analysis, Shelf-life, and Palatability Profile in Affordable Poultry Byproduct Pet Food Enriched with Diverse Fibers and Binders. J. Anim. Res., 13(05): 815-831. DOI: 10.30954/2277-940X.05.2023.24Kumar, R., Goswami, M. and Pathak, V. (2023). Enhancing Microbiota Analysis, Shelf-life, and Palatability Profile in Affordable Poultry Byproduct Pet Food Enriched with Diverse Fibers and Binders. J. Anim. Res., 13(05): 815-831. DOI: 10.30954/2277-940X.05.2023.24Kumar, R., Goswami, M., & Pathak, V. (2024). Gas Chromatography Based Analysis of fatty acid profiles in poultry byproduct-based pet foods: Implications for Nutritional Quality and Health Optimization. Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry, 14(4), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i4289Kumar, R., Goswami, M., & Pathak, V. (2024). Gas Chromatography Based Analysis of fatty acid profiles in poultry byproduct-based pet foods: Implications for Nutritional Quality and Health Optimization. Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry, 14(4), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i4289Kumar, R., Goswami, M., Pathak, V., & Singh, A. (2024). Effect of binder inclusion on poultry slaughterhouse byproducts incorporated pet food characteristics and palatability. Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, 24(1), 177-191. DOI: 10.5958/0974-181X.2024.00013.1Kumar, R., Goswami, M., Pathak, V., & Singh, A. (2024). Effect of binder inclusion on poultry slaughterhouse byproducts incorporated pet food characteristics and palatability. Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, 24(1), 177-191. DOI: 10.5958/0974-181X.2024.00013.1Kumar, R., Goswami, M., Pathak, V., Bharti, S.K., Verma, A.K., Rajkumar, V. and Patel, P. 2023. Utilization of poultry slaughter byproducts to develop cost effective dried pet food. Anim. Nutr. Technol., 23: 165-174. DOI: 10.5958/0974-181X.2023.00015.XKumar, R., Goswami, M., Pathak, V., Bharti, S.K., Verma, A.K., Rajkumar, V. and Patel, P. 2023. Utilization of poultry slaughter byproducts to develop cost effective dried pet food. Anim. Nutr. Technol., 23: 165-174. DOI: 10.5958/0974-181X.2023.00015.XKumar, R., Goswami, M., Pathak, V., Verma, A.K. and Rajkumar, V. 2023. Quality improvement of poultry slaughterhouse byproducts-based pet food with incorporation of fiber-rich vegetable powder. Explor. Anim. Med. Res., 13(1): 54-61. DOI:10.52635/eamr/13.1.54-61Kumar, R., Goswami, M., Pathak, V., Verma, A.K. and Rajkumar, V. 2023. Quality improvement of poultry slaughterhouse byproducts-based pet food with incorporation of fiber-rich vegetable powder. Explor. Anim. Med. Res., 13(1): 54-61. DOI:10.52635/eamr/13.1.54-61Kumar, R., Thakur, A., & Sharma, A. (2023). Comparative prevalence assessment of subclinical mastitis in two crossbred dairy cow herds using the California mastitis test. J Dairy Vet Anim Res, 12(2), 98-102 http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jdvar.2023.12.00331Kumar, R., Thakur, A., & Sharma, A. (2023). Comparative prevalence assessment of subclinical mastitis in two crossbred dairy cow herds using the California mastitis test. J Dairy Vet Anim Res, 12(2), 98-102 http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jdvar.2023.12.00331Kim S-H, Hong H-S, Lee H-J, et al. Amino acid nutrition and metabolism in domestic cats and dogs. J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2022;13(1):103.Kim S-H, Hong H-S, Lee H-J, et al. Amino acid nutrition and metabolism in domestic cats and dogs. J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2022;13(1):103.Sanderson SL. Characteristics of Nutrition and Metabolism in Dogs and Cats. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2023;53(4):625-640.Sanderson SL. Characteristics of Nutrition and Metabolism in Dogs and Cats. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2023;53(4):625-640.Parsons CM, Hall JA, Jewell DE. Serum Metabolomics of Senior Dogs Fed a Fresh, Human-Grade Food or an Extruded Kibble Diet. Metabolites. 2024;15(10):676.Parsons CM, Hall JA, Jewell DE. Serum Metabolomics of Senior Dogs Fed a Fresh, Human-Grade Food or an Extruded Kibble Diet. Metabolites. 2024;15(10):676.Li Y, Lin L, Yin G, et al. Gut Metabolome in Companion Animal Nutrition—Linking Diets to Health. Animals. 2025;15(5):651.Li Y, Lin L, Yin G, et al. Gut Metabolome in Companion Animal Nutrition—Linking Diets to Health. Animals. 2025;15(5):651.Rankovic N, Jewell DE, Liu XJ, et al. Serum metabolomics reveals one-carbon metabolism differences between lean and obese cats not affected by L-carnitine or choline supplementation. J Anim Sci. 2023;101 (12): skaf298.Rankovic N, Jewell DE, Liu XJ, et al. Serum metabolomics reveals one-carbon metabolism differences between lean and obese cats not affected by L-carnitine or choline supplementation. J Anim Sci. 2023;101 (12): skaf298.Hall JA, Jackson MI, Vondran JC, Vanchina MA, Jewell DE. Comparison of circulating metabolite concentrations in dogs and cats when allowed to freely choose macronutrient intake. Biol Open. 2018;7(11): bio036228.Hall JA, Jackson MI, Vondran JC, Vanchina MA, Jewell DE. Comparison of circulating metabolite concentrations in dogs and cats when allowed to freely choose macronutrient intake. Biol Open. 2018;7(11): bio036228.Baltzer WI, et al. Recent Advances in the Nutrition and Metabolism of Dogs and Cats. Annu Rev Anim Biosci. 2024; 12:325–350.Baltzer WI, et al. Recent Advances in the Nutrition and Metabolism of Dogs and Cats. Annu Rev Anim Biosci. 2024; 12:325–350.Swanson KS, Dowd SE, Suchodolski JS, Middelbos IS, Vondran JS. The Effects of Nutrition on the Gastrointestinal Microbiome of Cats and Dogs: Impact on Health and Disease. Front Microbiol. 2020; 11:1266.Swanson KS, Dowd SE, Suchodolski JS, Middelbos IS, Vondran JS. The Effects of Nutrition on the Gastrointestinal Microbiome of Cats and Dogs: Impact on Health and Disease. Front Microbiol. 2020; 11:1266.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.